The phrasing and order of the questions will be crucial to the outcome, hence the wrangling. A recent and, I think, fairly even-handed suggestion is:
TICK ONLY ONE BOX:
1. I agree Scotland should be an independent nation.
2. I agree Scotland should remain as part of the United Kingdom.
This would be the first page of the referendum. Whether there is a second page would depend on whether some kind of prospectus is published outlining a significant change to devolved powers (i.e. 'Devo Max'), but let's suppose that such an option does emerge. That question may read something like:
Do you agree that full fiscal powers should transfer to the Scottish Parliament?
YES / NO
People would vote on the alternatives on the first page, then vote on the proposal on the second page. If a majority votes in favour of the first option on the first page, then the vote on the second page is null. If, however, the second option on the first page is chosen then the vote on the second page (i.e. for or against 'Devo Max') would determine the final outcome.
A lot of people say a second question would confuse the issue but, hopefully, I've demonstrated this should not be the case. It's pretty straightforward and though there's a lot of resistance to a second question in the political classes opposing independence I believe it will happen, not least because it is appears to be the preferred option of the majority of people in Scotland and if the anti-independence group deny this golden opportunity to gain popular support for this favoured outcome then they run the risk of alienating their own supporters and driving them into the independence camp.
As regards the voting age, I strongly suspect it will be the usual 18+, though there is a good case for including 16+ in that this is not a election that takes place at regular intervals but a once in a lifetime (or once in a generation at least) decision that will impact on the long-term future of everyone.
As to when, I think it will probably go with the Scottish Government's preference of autumn 2014, and there's a good case for saying we need an extended and in depth debate about all the issues and implications. There's a decent argument for autumn 2013 in that it will focus the debate more intently (I don't buy the uncertainty line being spun) but the important thing is a fair, clear and even-handed process that brings a definite conclusion.
Whatever the outcome, I hope the debate truly engages the Scottish people in the political process and the relevance of democratic control and accountability to making a better country. No doubt we'll hear lots about the Darien Scheme or how Scotland is too craven or impoverished to make a success of independence but that kind of drivel - as exemplified by a couple of the respondents to your question - is unworthy of the serious democratic debate we need on the future of our country.
Hope this helps. It's going to be a great time to be Scottish.